导　　师： 张国范;刘晓

学科专业： G0703

授予学位： 博士

作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中国科学院海洋研究所

摘　　要： 本论文研究了皱纹盘鲍表型性状的遗传力、遗传相关和路径分析、群体间的杂种优势和配合力、近交效应、家系生物学性状比较和基因型与环境互作,主要结果如下:1遗传力、遗传相关和路径分析采用平衡巢式设计,每个雄鲍与3个雌鲍建立交配组合,构建了12个父系半同胞家系和36个母系全同胞家系,定期分别测定每个全同胞家系的壳长与壳宽,分析皱纹盘鲍早期生长性状的遗传力与遗传相关.分析壳长(x<,1>)、壳宽(x<,2>)、壳高(x<,3>)、壳重(x<,4>)、肌肉重(x<,5>)和体重(y)之间的表型相关系数,采用路径分析方法计算表型性状为自变量对全湿重为依变量的路径系数.2杂种优势和配合力分析以采自中国长海(a)和日本宫城(b)海区的2个野生群体为亲本,按照完全双列杂交的方式,建立了4个交配组合(aa、ab、ba和bb),比较2个杂交组合受精率、孵化率、变态率和生长的优势率.以杂交子代f<,1>(ca,母本与父本分别来自日本和韩国)与辽宁长海(b)群体建立两个交配组合(bca和bb),研究子代在受精率、孵化率、变态率和生长的优势率.以采自日本仙台,辽宁长海与山东青岛皱纹盘鲍野生群体为亲本,按照完全双列杂交的设计,建立个9个交配组合,估计了在不同生长期的配合力和杂种优势率.3近交退化以同胞和半同胞家系为材料,设计两个完全双列杂交(set Ⅰ和set Ⅱ),研究近交和母本效应对皱纹盘鲍的变态率和早期生长的影响.利用全同胞和半同胞交配研究两种不同的近交水平(f=0.125和f=0.25)对皱纹盘鲍的变态和早期生长的影响. 4家系生物学性状比较从以单个配对交配方式建立的11个家系f<,1>中选取壳长1.7~2.5 cm的个体,分别在12、16和20℃条件下饲育.每2天清除残饵后,继投新鲜海带(laminaria japonica).每次投喂前后分别称量新鲜海带及残饵的湿重.40天后测量壳长与体重,计算家系的壳长、体重� In the study, heritability, genetic correlation and path analysis were conducted for morphological traits. Heterosis and combining ability were analyzed with parents from wild populations /(stocks/). Inbreeding depression on early performance was calculated involving full-sib and half-sib mating. Family comparison and genotype-environment interaction were studied. The main results of the study were the following: 1 Heritability, genetic correlation and path analysis Twelve half-sib families and thirty-six full-sib families were obtained by a nested design of each male mated with three females. The heritability and genetic correlation were analyzed based on data of shell length and width. The results showed that at Days 6, 10 and 20, the heritability for shell length were separately 0.4891、0.4375 and 0.2022, the heritability for shell width being separately 0.4275, 0.3437 and 0.1423, the genetic correlation being 0.8605, 0.8494 and 0.7629. Shell length /(X1/), shell width /(X2/), shell height /(X3/), shell weight /(X4/), muscle weight /(X5/) and total weight /(Y/) were measured. The Pearson correlation coefficients among the traits were calculated. The total weight was used as dependent variable and the other traits were used independent variable for path analysis. The results showed that the correlation coefficients among the traits were significant /(P<0.05/). The correlation coefficient between shell length and total weight was highest, but shell length had a slightly direct effect and a highly indirect effect through shell width and muscle weight on total weight. The regression equation to estimate total weight was Y= -38.7123 + 0.5976 X1 +0.6156 X3 + 0.7753 X4+ 0.9981 X5 2 Heterosis and combining ability Four groups /(AA, AB, BA and BB/) were obtained by a full diallel design with parents from two wild populations. The heterosis for metamorphosis rate and growth of AB and BA were compared. The results showed: 1/) Fertilization rate, hatching rate and metamorphosis rat

关 键 词： 皱纹盘鲍 遗传力 杂种优势 配合力 近交退化 家系比较

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学]